The authors argue that one of the consequences of systemic corruption is a loss of institutional trust, which creates a vicious circle between lower social/interpersonal and institutional trust and higher corruption. Integral reparation of individual, collective, and social victims of corruption should be a core principle of any anti-corruption discourse and practice that seeks to restore social/interpersonal and institutional trust and legitimacy.

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Victims of corruption: Integral reparation and institutional trust as cores of anticorruption strategies
Salcedo-Albaran, E., et al. 2021. Vortex Working Paper.