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To establish trust and confidence in the transitional arrangement, it is crucial to appoint people with a clean track record.

Using amnesties for economic crimes and corruption is exceptional, though there have been recent examples in countries such as Tunisia, Moldova and Romania.

Mixed results from anti-corruption interventions in Jordan, Tunisia, Morocco and Palestine. Summary of available evidence on reforms and citizen engagement.

Sudan's anti-corruption efforts have historically been lax, with existing laws being inadequately implemented. The extractives industry presents a particular governance challenge.

Tunisia's anti-corruption efforts have had mixed results. While independent bodies are struggling to be established, recent whistleblowing legislation is a positive step forward.

Military-owned businesses have tight control over critical sectors of the Sudanese economy. Civic space is slowly opening, but a culture of transparency has to be created and sustained after three…