Kohler and Bowra's 2020 study on Exploring anti-corruption, transparency, and accountability in the World Health Organization, the United Nations Development Programme, the World BankGroup, and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria assesses the volume, scope and efficacy of anti-corruption, accountability, and transparency measures implemented by these international organisations. Their findings demonstrate that while UNDP, the WBG, and GF have increased the volume and scope of their anti-corruption, accountability, and transparency measures, their efficacy remains unclear. Further research is needed to determine their impact.